Cognitive science

11 ideas, each explained on one page with a 60-second lesson you can play right there.

Analysis paralysis Overthinking and excessive research freeze choices instead of improving them.
Anchoring effect The anchoring effect is a bias where people rely too heavily on an initial reference number when estimating values or making financial decisions.
Artificial consciousness Artificial consciousness is the idea that a non-biological machine or artificial intelligence could have subjective, inner experiences.
Availability heuristic The availability heuristic makes people judge how common or severe an event is by how easily examples come to mind.
Confirmation Bias Confirmation bias leads people to seek, interpret, and remember evidence that fits their prior beliefs while ignoring contrary facts.
Dunning-Kruger Effect The Dunning-Kruger effect is a cognitive bias where people with low ability in a specific area overestimate their competence.
Framing Effect The framing effect makes people pick different options based on whether identical outcomes are presented as gains or losses.
Hindsight bias Hindsight bias makes past events seem predictable after they happen, distorting memories and creating false confidence about future forecasts.
Implementation intention An implementation intention is a self-regulation strategy that uses an if-then sentence to link a specific future cue to an exact behavior.
Overconfidence Bias Overconfidence bias is a mental blind spot where a person's certainty in their own judgment reliably exceeds its actual accuracy.
Working Memory Working memory is the cognitive system that holds and manipulates information temporarily so you can reason and make decisions.